Design and Fabrication of a Multi-Crop Thresher for Cereals and Legumes

Abstract Preview

Farmers often grow multiple crops but cannot afford separate threshers for each. This project designed a multi-crop thresher with adjustable parameters for different crops. Key design features included variable speed threshing drum (400-800 rpm), adjustable concave clearance (15-50mm), and interchangeable sieves. The thresher was powered by a 10HP diesel engine. Performance evaluation showed threshing efficiency of 96% for maize, 94% for sorghum, 92% for millet, and 89% for cowpea. Grain damage ranged from 1.5% (cowpea) to 3.5% (maize). Cleaning efficiency exceeded 90% for all crops. Throughput ranged from 250-400 kg/hour depending on crop. Fabrication cost was N450,000. The versatile design makes the thresher economical for smallholders growing multiple crops.