Design and Performance Evaluation of a Manually Operated Seed Planter for Small Farms

Abstract Preview

Manual seed broadcasting results in uneven plant stands and higher seed rates. This project designed a manually operated precision planter for small farms. The planter featured a seed metering plate with adjustable cells, ground-driven mechanism, and furrow opener and closer. Design allowed adjustment for maize, sorghum, and cowpea seeds. Performance testing showed seeding accuracy of 92% for maize with spacing variation of less than 8%. Seed damage was below 1%. Field capacity was 0.15 hectare per hour, four times faster than manual dibbling. Seed rate reduction of 25% compared to broadcasting was achieved. Fabrication cost was N65,000. The planter is affordable for smallholders and improves seed use efficiency and crop establishment.