Impact of Off-Farm Income on Agricultural Production and Food Security in Nasarawa State

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Off-farm income is increasingly important for rural households in Nigeria. This study examined its impact on agricultural production and food security in Nasarawa State. Data were collected from 240 farming households using structured questionnaires. Results showed that 65% of households engaged in off-farm activities, contributing an average of 38% of household income. Off-farm income was found to have positive effects on agricultural production through enabling purchase of inputs and hiring labor. Households with off-farm income had 25% higher farm investment and 18% higher crop output. Food security status, measured by HDDS and HFIAS, was significantly better for households with diversified income. However, excessive off-farm engagement was associated with reduced farm labor allocation. The study recommends policies that promote compatible off-farm opportunities.